Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years to promote health and treat illness. Two key components of TCM are Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture. Though initially foreign concepts to many Westerners, these ancient practices are gaining popularity and scientific backing.
What is Traditional Chinese Medicine?
TCM encompasses a range of holistic healing techniques, including [acupuncture], [Chinese herbal medicine], [cupping], [moxibustion], [tai chi], and more. It is based on the concept of qi (vital energy) flowing through meridians (energy pathways) in the body. Disease and illness are believed to result from blocked qi or imbalances in yin and yang energies. TCM uses various techniques to remove blockages and restore equilibrium [1].
Some key principles of TCM include:
- Holistic approach – The mind, body and spirit are seen as interconnected parts of one whole.
- Individualized treatment – Each person receives a treatment plan tailored to their unique symptoms and constitution.
- Bringing the body into balance – Illness results from imbalances in yin-yang energies or disruption in qi; treatment aims to restore harmonious balance.
Chinese Herbal Medicine
Chinese herbs and herbal formulas are a major component of TCM. Some common herbs used include ginseng, astragalus, licorice root, honeysuckle and cinnamon twig [2].
Herbs are prescribed based on their taste, temperature and meridian tropism. For example, some herbs are warming while others are cooling or neutral. A customized herbal formula is created for each patient based on their unique TCM diagnosis [3].
Scientific studies have shown some Chinese herbs to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immune-stimulating effects. However, potential side effects and drug interactions remain a concern. It is essential to consult a licensed TCM practitioner before using Chinese herbs [4].
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is likely the most widely known aspect of TCM in the West. It involves inserting ultra-thin needles into specific acupuncture points on the body to remove blockages and activate healing [5].
According to TCM, these points correspond with meridians through which qi and blood flow. Modern research suggests acupuncture points correlate anatomically with interstitial connective tissue planes, nerve stimulation and endogenous opioid release [6].
Clinical trials support the efficacy of acupuncture for various conditions, including chronic pain, nausea, headaches and osteoarthritis. Acupuncture is generally considered safe when performed by a licensed practitioner using sterile disposable needles [7].
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The TCM Consultation
A key difference between TCM and Western medicine is the focus on understanding the whole person. The initial consultation typically includes a health history, pulse reading and tongue analysis. The goal is to identify health imbalances and customize treatment based on the unique TCM diagnosis [8].
Follow-up visits allow the practitioner to assess progress and adjust treatment accordingly. Lifestyle and dietary recommendations are often included as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Integrative Approach
Incorporating TCM therapies like acupuncture and Chinese herbs along with Western medical treatment is called an integrative approach. Research has shown this can provide greater symptom relief and improve quality of life for many chronic health problems [9].
However, it is essential that all of your healthcare providers are aware of any supplements or treatments you are using to ensure safety and avoid potential interactions. This integrated approach allows patients to access the best of Eastern and Western medicine.
The Takeaway
Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture are two key components of Traditional Chinese Medicine that are gaining popularity in the West. When performed by a licensed practitioner, they can safely complement conventional treatment. An integrative approach allows patients to access a diverse toolkit of therapies to promote health and treat disease.
References:
[1] Traditional Chinese medicine – Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 23, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine
[2] Chinese herbs: A beginner’s guide. (2020, April 29). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/chinese-herbs
[3] How to use Chinese herbs: What you need to know. (2021, February 18). Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-you-should-know-about-chinese-herbs/
[4] Chen, J. K., & Chen, T. T. (2004). Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. City of Industry, CA: Art of Medicine Press.
[5] Acupuncture: What you need to know. (2019, December 2). Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/acupuncture
[6] Zhao, Z. Q. (2008). Neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia. Progress in neurobiology, 85(4), 355-375.
[7] Vickers, A. J., Cronin, A. M., Maschino, A. C., Lewith, G., MacPherson, H., Foster, N. E., … & Acupuncture Trialists’ Collaboration. (2012). Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis. Archives of internal medicine, 172(19), 1444-1453.
[8] What to expect from a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner. (2019, March 15). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/what-is-traditional-chinese-medicine#1
[9] Liu, J. P., Manheimer, E., Yang, M. (2005). Herbal medicines for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD003937.
