Coughing is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory illnesses, and finding an effective remedy is a top priority for many. Among the myriad of treatments available, licorice herb has been hailed in both traditional medicine and modern pharmacology as a natural solution for soothing coughs.
But how effective is it really? Can licorice herb truly help alleviate coughs, or is it just another overhyped herbal remedy?
Let’s delve into the science, history, and practical applications of licorice herb for coughs to find out.
What Is Licorice Herb?
Licorice (scientifically known as Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a sweet-tasting root widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in Chinese, Indian, and Middle Eastern cultures1. It contains active compounds like glycyrrhizin, which has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immune-regulating properties2.
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), licorice is often referred to as the “grand harmonizer,” as it is believed to enhance the efficacy of other herbs in a formula. When it comes to treating coughs, licorice is a common ingredient in remedies designed to soothe the throat, reduce phlegm, and suppress irritation3. But how exactly does it work?
In traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, licorice is the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. This is because licorice has the ability to reconcile various medicines, and is called the “old man of the country”, which is a well-deserved “king of all matches”4.
- What are The Benefits of Traditional Herbs
- Are Medicinal Plants Effective: A Fact-Based Investigation
- Is Traditional Chinese Medicine Evidence-Based?
- Chinese Medicine 999: A Popular Remedy for Colds and Flu
How Licorice Herb Helps With Coughs
1. Soothing the Throat
Licorice is renowned for its ability to coat the throat and relieve irritation5. Glycyrrhizin, the primary active compound in licorice, stimulates the production of mucus in the respiratory tract, creating a protective layer that reduces discomfort caused by coughing. This mechanism is particularly helpful for dry, hacking coughs that leave the throat feeling raw and painful.
“The best cure for the body is a quiet mind and a soothed throat,” Hippocrates might have said (if licorice had been around in his time).
2. Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Coughs are often a result of inflammation in the airways caused by infections, allergies, or irritants6. Licorice has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce swelling and irritation in the bronchial tubes7. This can alleviate persistent coughing and improve airflow.
3. Expectorant Action
For coughs accompanied by phlegm, licorice acts as a mild expectorant, promoting the clearance of mucus from the lungs8. By thinning the mucus and stimulating its expulsion, licorice can help reduce congestion and improve breathing.
4. Antiviral and Antibacterial Effects
Modern research has highlighted licorice’s potential in combating respiratory infections. Studies suggest that glycyrrhizin may inhibit the replication of certain viruses, including those causing influenza and viral pneumonia9. This antiviral activity, combined with its antibacterial properties, makes licorice a valuable ally in fighting infections that trigger coughing.
5. Immune Regulation
Licorice has also been shown to modulate the immune system, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off infections while reducing overactive immune responses that can lead to inflammation10. This dual action is particularly beneficial for chronic coughs linked to conditions like asthma or bronchitis.
Licorice herb helps with coughs by soothing the throat, reducing inflammation, acting as an expectorant, fighting infections, and regulating the immune system.
Traditional and Modern Uses of Licorice for Coughs
In Traditional Medicine
Licorice has been a staple in herbal medicine for centuries. For instance:
- Chinese Medicine: Licorice is a key ingredient in formulas like Gan Cao (甘草) and Gancao Tang (甘桔汤), used to soothe sore throats, alleviate coughs, and support lung health11.
- Ayurveda: Known as “Mulethi,” licorice is used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and asthma12.
- Western Herbalism: Licorice tea or syrups have long been used as natural remedies for cold symptoms, particularly coughs and sore throats13.
In Modern Medicine
Today, licorice is a common ingredient in over-the-counter cough syrups and lozenges14 15. Its active compounds are also being studied for their role in treating more severe respiratory conditions, such as viral pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For example:
- Compound Formulations: Medications like compound licorice tablets (e.g., Compound Glycyrrhizin) combine licorice with other ingredients to enhance its therapeutic effects16.
- Clinical Studies: Research has shown that glycyrrhizin can reduce inflammation, protect lung tissue, and improve recovery from respiratory infections17 18.
Licorice is widely used in traditional medicine to relieve coughs and sore throats, such as kale soup in traditional Chinese medicine and Mulethi in Ayurveda. In modern medicine, it is used in cough syrups and medicines, and its efficacy in treating severe respiratory diseases is studied.
Is Licorice Safe for Everyone?
While licorice is generally safe when used in moderation, excessive consumption can lead to side effects19. Glycyrrhizin, the active compound in licorice, may cause20 21:
- High Blood Pressure: Prolonged or excessive intake can lead to elevated blood pressure and low potassium levels.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Licorice can mimic hormones like cortisol, potentially causing issues in individuals with hormonal disorders.
- Drug Interactions: Licorice may interact with medications, including diuretics, corticosteroids, and blood pressure drugs.
Who Should Avoid Licorice?
- Pregnant women (due to potential hormonal effects)
- People with heart disease, kidney problems, or high blood pressure
- Those taking medications with potential interactions22
If you’re considering licorice as a remedy, it’s always wise to consult a healthcare professional first.
Licorice is generally safe in moderation but can cause high blood pressure, hormonal imbalances, and drug interactions.
DIY Licorice Remedies for Coughs
If you’re interested in trying licorice at home, here’s a simple recipe for Licorice and Marshmallow Root Tea, a traditional remedy for soothing coughs:
Ingredients:
- 1 teaspoon dried licorice root
- 1 teaspoon dried marshmallow root
- 2 cups of water
Instructions:
- Combine the herbs and water in a small pot.
- Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 10-15 minutes.
- Strain and drink warm, adding honey for extra soothing effects.
Pro Tip: Keep the licorice-to-water ratio low to avoid overconsumption of glycyrrhizin.
Licorice vs. Modern Cough Medications
When compared to modern cough medications, licorice offers a natural alternative with fewer synthetic additives. However, it’s important to note:
- Licorice is not a quick fix. While it can provide long-term benefits, its effects are milder and slower compared to pharmaceutical drugs like dextromethorphan or codeine.
- Licorice is best for mild to moderate coughs23. For severe or persistent coughs, professional medical treatment is essential.
FAQs
1. Can licorice cure all types of coughs?
No. Licorice is most effective for dry or mild coughs and may help with phlegm production24. It is less effective for coughs caused by severe bacterial infections or chronic conditions like asthma.
2. How should licorice be consumed for cough relief?
Licorice can be consumed as tea, lozenges, or in syrup form. Over-the-counter products like compound glycyrrhizin tablets are also available.
3. Can children take licorice for coughs?
Licorice is generally safe for children in small doses, but high concentrations should be avoided25. Always consult a pediatrician before use.
Bottom line
Licorice herb offers a natural and scientifically-backed remedy for relieving coughs, thanks to its soothing, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating properties. However, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. While licorice can be an effective treatment for mild to moderate coughs, it should be used responsibly and in consultation with a healthcare provider, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
Trusted source
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8703329/ ↩︎
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175350/ ↩︎
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E8%8D%89/16211098 ↩︎
- https://www.zhangye.gov.cn/sdj/ztzl/sdwyfgkp/202301/t20230129_974946.html ↩︎
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8703329/ ↩︎
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8604050/ ↩︎
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7012004/ ↩︎
- https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/licorice ↩︎
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323950473000186#:~:text=It%20inhibits%20replication%20of%20respiratory%20viruses%2C%20causes%20cytopathological,for%20COVID-19%20treatment%20due%20to%20its%20liver-protective%20properties. ↩︎
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732493/ ↩︎
- http://szyyj.gd.gov.cn/zyyfw/ysbj/content/post_3475445.html ↩︎
- https://www.dabur.com/ayurveda/ayurvedic-medicinal-plants/mulethi ↩︎
- https://www.naturaltherapypages.com.au/article/why-drink-licorice-tea ↩︎
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E8%8D%89%E7%89%87/441672 ↩︎
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%94%98%E8%8D%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B5%E7%B3%96%E6%B5%86/1316376 ↩︎
- https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104382993A/en ↩︎
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8661450/ ↩︎
- https://e-century.us/files/ijcem/11/9/ijcem0070762.pdf ↩︎
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-881/licorice ↩︎
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3498851/ ↩︎
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/licorice-root ↩︎
- https://www.rutgers.edu/news/hidden-risks-black-licorice ↩︎
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968089617318539 ↩︎
- https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/licorice ↩︎
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/18/3866 ↩︎
