Tripterygium Wilfordii, also known as Lei Gong Teng in traditional Chinese medicine, is a powerful herb that has been celebrated—and feared—for centuries.
Known for its potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, this herb has been used to treat conditions ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to skin disorders. However, its high toxicity makes it a double-edged sword.
So, what exactly is Tripterygium Wilfordii? How does it work? And is it safe to use? Let’s dive into the details.
What Is Tripterygium Wilfordii?
Tripterygium Wilfordii, also referred to as Thunder God Vine, is a traditional herbal medicine derived from the dried roots or woody parts of the plant1. Its main active compounds include diterpenes, triterpenes, and alkaloids, which are responsible for both its therapeutic effects and toxicity2.
The roots are typically processed into powders, extracts, or pills for consumption, though this herb is also used topically in certain preparations3. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is categorized as a bitter, spicy, and cooling herb that “enters the heart and liver meridians,” making it ideal for clearing inflammation, reducing pain, and fighting infections4.
Where Does It Come From?
This plant thrives in humid, shaded environments, such as mountain slopes, valleys, and near streams, and is primarily found in regions like Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Taiwan in China5.
Key Benefits of Tripterygium Wilfordii
While its toxicity raises concerns, Tripterygium Wilfordii boasts a range of potential health benefits, supported by both traditional use and modern research:
1. Reduces Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms
One of the most researched uses of Tripterygium Wilfordii is in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its anti-inflammatory properties help reduce joint swelling, stiffness, and pain6. Modern formulations like Tripterygium glycosides (extracted active compounds) are frequently prescribed for autoimmune-related joint disorders7.
A 2023 review highlighted its ability to downregulate inflammatory pathways such as the SYK-MEK-ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway, which contributes to RA progression8.
2. Supports Immune System Modulation
Tripterygium Wilfordii has shown promise as an immunosuppressive agent, making it useful for autoimmune diseases like lupus, psoriasis, and even organ transplant rejection9. It regulates the immune system by suppressing overactive immune responses and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
However, this immunosuppressive effect also means that its use must be carefully monitored, as it can leave the body vulnerable to infections.
3. Anti-Cancer Potential
Emerging studies suggest that compounds like triptolide and celastrol, derived from Tripterygium Wilfordii, may inhibit the growth of various cancer cells, including breast cancer, leukemia, and ovarian cancer10. These compounds work by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) and inhibiting tumor growth pathways.
For example, a 2015 study found that triptolide effectively suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells by targeting the ERα-mediated signaling pathway11.
4. Anti-Inflammatory and Pain Relief
Traditionally, this herb has been used to treat chronic inflammatory conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and other skin disorders. Its ability to reduce swelling and inhibit inflammatory enzymes makes it a natural alternative to corticosteroids in some cases12.
5. Potential for Treating Autoimmune Hepatitis
Recent animal studies have indicated that Tripterygium Wilfordii may protect against liver damage in autoimmune hepatitis by activating pathways like PXR and TFEB-mediated autophagy13, which help clear damaged cells and reduce inflammation.
Summary: Tripterygium Wilfordii has potential health benefits like reducing RA symptoms, modulating immune system, anti – cancer, anti – inflammatory and treating autoimmune hepatitis, but its toxicity needs attention.
How To Use Tripterygium Wilfordii
Given its high toxicity, Tripterygium Wilfordii should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider. Here are some common ways it is prepared and used14:
1. Internal Use (Oral)
- Decoction (Boiled Tea): The wood or root is boiled for 1–2 hours to reduce its toxicity. Typical doses range from 10–25g, depending on the preparation.
- Capsules or Pills: Standardized extracts like Tripterygium glycosides or Triptolide tablets are often used in modern medicine.
2. Topical Application
The herb can be ground into a powder and mixed with vinegar for treating skin disorders like eczema, scabies, or stubborn fungal infections. However, it must not be left on the skin for more than 30 minutes, as it can cause irritation or blistering15.
3. Precautions for Use
- Always start with low doses to assess tolerance.
- Pregnant women, individuals with heart, liver, or kidney disease, and those with low white blood cell counts should avoid using this herb16.
Summary: Tripterygium Wilfordii is highly toxic and should be used under professional guidance. It can be used internally (decoction, capsules) or topically. Start with low doses and note precautions like avoiding for certain groups.
Risks and Side Effects
While Tripterygium Wilfordii offers significant therapeutic benefits, its toxicity cannot be overlooked. Here are the most common risks and side effects17 18:
Mild to Moderate Side Effects
- Digestive issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Skin reactions: Rashes, dryness, and irritation
- Reproductive effects: Irregular menstruation, reduced sperm count, and infertility
Severe Side Effects
- Organ damage: Toxicity to the liver, kidneys, and heart
- Immune suppression: Increased vulnerability to infections
- Neurological issues: Dizziness, fatigue, and in rare cases, seizures
Overdose Risks
Overdosing on Tripterygium Wilfordii can lead to organ failure, coma, or death. Symptoms include severe vomiting, abdominal pain, low blood pressure, and shock.
Related herbs:
FAQs
1. Is Tripterygium Wilfordii safe for everyone?
No. This herb is highly toxic and should be avoided by pregnant women, individuals with heart, liver, or kidney disease, and those with weakened immune systems19. Always consult a doctor before use.
2. Can Tripterygium Wilfordii cure cancer?
While studies have shown its potential to inhibit cancer cell growth, it is not a cure. Its use in cancer treatment is still experimental and must be guided by medical professionals.
3. How does Tripterygium Wilfordii treat rheumatoid arthritis?
The herb reduces inflammation and modulates the immune response, making it effective for alleviating joint pain and swelling associated with rheumatoid arthritis20.
4. What happens if I overdose on Tripterygium Wilfordii?
Overdosing can cause severe symptoms like organ failure, shock, and even death. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.
5. Can I use this herb alongside other medications?
Tripterygium Wilfordii can interact with other drugs, including immunosuppressants and anticoagulants. Always inform your doctor about any medications you are taking.
The Bottom Line
Tripterygium Wilfordii is a powerful herbal medicine with impressive benefits for inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. However, its toxicity makes it a risky choice for self-medication. While modern research continues to uncover its potential in cancer treatment, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases, it must always be used under strict medical supervision.
If you’re considering Tripterygium Wilfordii as part of your treatment plan, consult with a healthcare professional to weigh the benefits against the risks—and ensure you’re using it safely.
Trusted source
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- Zhao J, Liu H. Mechanism for the therapeutic effect of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. preparations on IgA nephropathy. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022 May 28;47(5):573-582. English, Chinese. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210410. PMID: 35753727; PMCID: PMC10929912. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10929912/ ↩︎
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- https://zhlcyszz.cma-cmc.com.cn/CN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.12.003 ↩︎
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- https://www.baidu.com/bh/dict/ydyp_15464573612899706814?contentid=ydyp_15464573612899706814&query=%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%AC%E8%97%A4&sf_ch=ch_search_5713&sf_ref=search&subTab=%E7%94%A8%E8%8D%AF%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E&from=dicta&isPageHome=1 ↩︎
- https://patents.google.com/patent/CN1095278A/en ↩︎
- https://m.baidu.com/bh/m/detail/ar_17365808930061145695(Peizhi Ye, Chief Physician, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) ↩︎
- Zhang C, Sun P P, Guo H T, et al. Safety profiles of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016, 7: 402. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2016.00402/full ↩︎
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